Difference between revisions of "Texas"
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|'''Capital''' | |'''Capital''' | ||
| − | |colspan="2"|Austin | + | |colspan="2"|[[Austin]] |
| + | |- | ||
| + | |'''Largest City''' | ||
| + | |colspan="2"|[[Houston]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="2"|'''Official language''' | |rowspan="2"|'''Official language''' | ||
| Line 26: | Line 29: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="5"|'''Demographics''' | |rowspan="5"|'''Demographics''' | ||
| − | | | + | |Latino |
|35% | |35% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |European |
|35% | |35% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 43: | Line 46: | ||
|rowspan="3"|'''Demonym(s)''' | |rowspan="3"|'''Demonym(s)''' | ||
|colspan="2"|Texan | |colspan="2"|Texan | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan="2"|Tejano (Spanish) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="2"|Texian (historic) | |colspan="2"|Texian (historic) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|rowspan="2"|'''Government''' | |rowspan="2"|'''Government''' | ||
|colspan="2"|Unitary Presidential | |colspan="2"|Unitary Presidential | ||
| Line 55: | Line 57: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|'''President''' | |'''President''' | ||
| − | |colspan="2"| | + | |colspan="2"|Alexander Ahuli Carizzo |
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="2"|'''Congress of Texas''' | |rowspan="2"|'''Congress of Texas''' | ||
|colspan="2"|Senate | |colspan="2"|Senate | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | |colspan="2"| | + | |colspan="2"|House of Representatives |
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="3"|'''Population''' | |rowspan="3"|'''Population''' | ||
| − | |2020 | + | |2020 census |
| − | | | + | |23,950,036 |
|- | |- | ||
|2015 Census | |2015 Census | ||
| − | |22, | + | |22,572,379 |
|- | |- | ||
|Density | |Density | ||
| − | | | + | |33.4/sqkm |
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan="2"|'''Economy''' | |rowspan="2"|'''Economy''' | ||
| − | |GDP (PPP) | + | |GDP (PPP) 2020 |
| − | |$1. | + | |$1.5 trillion |
|- | |- | ||
|Per capita | |Per capita | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|'''Calling code''' | |'''Calling code''' | ||
| − | |colspan="2"|+ | + | |colspan="2"|+11 |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | The '''Republic of Texas''' follows Texas after its independence, but instead of becoming a part of the United States | + | The '''Republic of Texas''' follows Texas after its independence, but instead of becoming a part of the United States, they remain independent. In addition, the [[Rio Grande]] Republic gains its independence in 1848 and becomes an essential neighbour and trading partner to Texas. |
| Line 128: | Line 130: | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | + | ===Revolution=== | |
| − | + | ||
| + | All events prior happened as they did. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Santa Anna signed Treaties of Velasco, which Mexico refuses to ratify, though both sides agree to a temporary armistice. However, Mexico warned Texas that joining the United States would result in another war. Texas agreed to these terms. Santa Anna was released back to Mexico, arriving in Veracruz on 7 June 1836 (rel. 1 June from Velasco). Upon return to Mexico, Santa Anna petitioned for Texas' independence before Mexican Congress, though it did not pass. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Texas and Mexico were still hostile towards each other and had continued border skrimishes, but war did not resume. | ||
| + | On 17 January 1840, when the Rio Grande Republic declared its independence, Mexico was not able to respond quickly nor effectively. Texas desired a buffer zone between them and Mexico, secretly sending troops and assistance. The revolution in Rio Grande was slow, with key battles occuring months apart. The pivotal Battle of Saltillo, where Ráfael Vásquez's 800 strong force was decimated at a hacienda, losing 600 men while the Texians and allies lost only 8, emerged as a victory for [[Rio Grande]]. This victory was a boost in morale to revolutionaries in Rio Grande and resulted in an increase of enslistments and support for the republic. However, Mexican forces had built up and by March 1841 after several major losses, the majority of Riograndense forces were captured and imprisioned, killed in battle, or deserted. | ||
| + | With the advent of the Mexican-American war (in which Texas was neutral), beginning in 1846, several major battles in Riograndense territory (Monterrey, Buena Vista) inspired revolutionaries to take up arms once again, alongside the US, in their fight for independence. The US, eager for allies that would be of use in Mexico, agreed to lead them. Riograndense forces steadily gained strength as the war moved through Rio Grande territory and into Mexico. | ||
| − | + | With the ending of the war, Mexico, Rio Grande, Texas, and the United States were present at Guadalupe-Hidalgo, where three separate treaties were signed. The first and second acknowledging the full independence of Texas and Rio Grande. The third ending the Mexican-American War and resulting in the Mexican cession. | |
| − | The | ||
| + | When Texas signed at the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, it was then that Texas and Rio Grande realised that they had an overlapping land claim. It was agreed upon by the Rio Grande that Texas would be entitled to its land, merely due to the timeline of events, Texas having claimed the border to the Rio Grande River before the Rio Grande Republic even existed. However, after the 1849 Texian Cession (where Texas sold it's redundant land claims to the United States), Texas offered Rio Grande a small monetary compensation to formally resolve the matter. While the payment given by Texas was certainly not as much as the land claim was worth, the gesture was well received and a welcome financial boost to the poor republic. | ||
| − | + | ===Independence=== | |
| − | + | Sam Houston, as first president, was able to keep the peace with the Native Americans, and attempted to pass the Solemn Declaration, a treaty that gave the Indians the right to their land. After Mirabeau Lamar's failed War on the Indians, Houston was reelected by the Texan population, with a much stronger desire for peace with the Natives. Treaties were created with all tribes aside from the Comanches who were contiually waging war. The Comanche continued to be a problem and only in the late 1850s was a peace treaty enacted. The continued war against the Comanches by the Americans slowly whittled away at their numbers and several illegal invasions into Texas made by American forces penetrated into the heart of Comancheria. This led to a treaty that would ensure their continued survival. | |
| + | The First Texans were given rights and status the same as other Texians much earlier than their American counterparts, and were integrated into the fabric of Texian society. | ||
| − | + | 1849 Texian Cession to the United States is the formal sale and survey of Texas' land claims in the aftermath of the Mexican-American War. After the United States received the Mexican Cession, the issue of the Texas-American border was still at question. The Pearce Boundary survey was chosen and agreed upon. The border extend east from the Rio Grande at N32 to W103, north to N37, east to W100, with the artificial border formally terminating at the North Fork of the Red River. Despite the sizable chunk of land this took out of the United States, it was preferred by both parties. The sale would help Texas settle debts resulting from Mirabeau Lamar's attacks on Native Americans, the Texian-Mexican War, and their financial support of the Rio Grande after their independence. The resultant purchase netted Texas 15 million dollars. | |
| + | Slavery was abolished several years after independence, between 1851 and 1853. The primary reason to abolish slavery was to open trade negotiations with Mexico and the UK, who had abolished slavery themselves. After several years of debate, it was considered that the economic impacts of abolishing slavery and trading heavily with the UK was preferable to keeping slavery. As a result, Texas was a popular destination for runaway slaves, though some still continued to Mexico. (In this timeline, the Texans, though mostly from America, slowly waned on their support of slavery. With the inclusion of First Texans, black Texans were the next to be given rights). | ||
| + | Nearly fifty years after the Treaty of Velasco, Texas had a strong desire to revisit and repair relations with Mexico who still viewed Texas somewhat unfavourably. This formed the impetus of the Rio Grande Treaty of 1876, signed by Mexico, Rio Grande, and Texas. This treaty promoted economic cooperation and a mutual defence agreement (though this clause was never invoked). | ||
| + | ===20th Century=== | ||
| − | In 1901, the Spindetop field | + | In 1901, the Spindetop field struck oil. This catapulted into Texas becoming the foremost producer of oil in the world, quickly making Texas very rich. Texoil and GulfCo, formed to work Spindletop, became the largest and most profitable companies in Texas. |
| − | The beginning of the Oil Boom in Texas led to a new wave of urbanisation rapibly converting Texas from | + | The beginning of the Oil Boom in Texas led to a new wave of urbanisation rapibly converting Texas from a rural country to an urban country. By 1930, 40% of people lived in urban areas. |
| + | ===21st Century=== | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| + | Texas is the 4rd largest country in North America and the 39th largest country in the world, with a land area of 717,041sqkm. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Climate=== | ||
==Government and Politics== | ==Government and Politics== | ||
| − | President serves for 3 years non-consecutively, | + | ===Government=== |
| + | |||
| + | President serves for 3 years non-consecutively, no more than 2 terms. Senators and House members serve for 3 years, no more than 2 terms. | ||
| + | |||
| + | There are 43 Senators and 294 House Representatives. | ||
| + | Politics in Texas is dominated by three parties: the Labor Party (left); the First Texan Party (indigenous/minority, centre); and the National Party (right). Though these three parties account for most votes, they only account for 80%, with an additional 20% represented in other parties, such as the People's Party (dem-soc); Green Party (environment); Texas Libertarians; among others. | ||
===Law=== | ===Law=== | ||
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===Criminal Law=== | ===Criminal Law=== | ||
| − | + | ===Foreign Relations=== | |
| − | + | ''Main Article: [[Foreign Relations of Texas]]'' | |
| − | + | ====Rio Grande==== | |
| + | Texas is an essential neighbour and trading partner to the [[Rio Grande]]. This partnership with Rio Grande resulted in the Rio Grande Treaty Area, with open borders between the two countries, the only identification required being a state issued driving license or identification card, whereas non-Texas/Riograndense nationals must pass the border with a valid passport. | ||
| − | + | ====Mexico==== | |
| − | + | ===Military=== | |
| + | ''Main Article: [[Texas Armed Forces]]'' | ||
| − | + | The [[Texas Armed Forces]] consists of 3 major branches: [[Texas Army]]; [[Texas Navy]]; and [[Texas Air Force]], as well as 4 minor branches: [[Texas Coast Guard]], [[Texas National Guard]] (the militia), [[Texas Marines]], [[Texas Rangers]]. | |
| − | + | Throughout its history, Texas has kept a relatively neutral stance. After the Texas revolution and the quiet support of the Rio Grande Republic's revolution, Texas has only been involved in WWI, WWII, and the 2001 Iraq War and War in Afghanistan. | |
| − | Texas | + | Texas was involved in WWI, not due to release of the Zimmerman telegram, but the resumption of submarine warfare by the Germans. |
| − | There are | + | ===Administrative Divisions=== |
| + | |||
| + | ''Main Article: [[Regions and Counties of Texas]]'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | There are 259 counties (condados) in Texas. There are 5 additional counties present in SA Texas: Encinal, Greer, Cimarron, Guymon (Texas Cty.,OK), and Beaver. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Each county runs on a Commissioner's Court with 4 elected commissioners, one from each of 4 precints in the county, and a county judge. There is at minimum, one county representative from each county in the House of Representatives, plus additional representatives dependant on population. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Texas is further divided into 6 regions: Panhandle, West, East, North, South, Central. Designated districts of these 6 regions (definited by clusters of counties) determine the number of senate seats. | ||
| + | |||
| + | There are 11 First Texan reserves throughout Texas. They are given a status equivalent of being a county AND a region/district, and therefore have representatives in the Senate and House of Representatives, determined in the same manner as with the rest of Texas, by territory (1 per) and by population (with preference, rounding up, minimum of 1). | ||
===Texas Dollar=== | ===Texas Dollar=== | ||
| − | The Texan Dollar, popularly known as redbacks is the currency of Texas. | + | [[File:Republic_of_Texas_Three_Dollars.jpg|400px|thumb|right|Texas Three Dollar. The SA Texas Dollar differs in that the lower left THREE would instead be written as TRES]] |
| + | |||
| + | The Texan Dollar, popularly known as redbacks is the currency of Texas. They follow a standard design similar to the three dollar bill, with three different representations of denomination, ie: 3, THREE, and TRES. Denominations in bills would include $1, $2, $3, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500. This time, a mint would be present, with coinage being 1¢, 5¢, 25¢, 50¢. In the early 2000s, the $1 and $2 bills would be replaced with coins | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| − | |||
| + | Beef production represents the largest segment of Texas agriculture, followed by cotton, chicken, and dairy products. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Oil production still accounts for a large portion of Texas' economy. Texas has 790,000,000 m3 of oil in petroleum deposits. Every day, 730,000 m3 of oil is refined in Texas. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Despite its continued reliance on oil production, Texas has been steadily growing its renewable energy sector, producing 15% of its energy by wind. As well, the installation of solar panels on a large scale is expected to contribute a fair amount, no less than 4% by 2025. | ||
| + | ===Units of Measurement and Standards=== | ||
| + | Texas would convert to metric just after independence. Mexican units were in use in the interim period and still used when referencing land surveys, and Imperial units are all but phased out, except when trading with the US. | ||
| + | ===Energy=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | There is a cluster of 6 concentrated solar thermal plants southeast of El Paso, whose combined installed capacity can generate up to 950MW. Total actual capacity of each unit is: 147MW, 152MW, 152MW, 149MW, 161MW, and 154MW. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | [[Dubs & Hughes]] has a facility west of [[Denton (city)|Denton]], for manufacturing wind turbine blades and tower base components, and a facility south of [[Dallas]], for manufacturing the turbines themselves. | ||
===Transport=== | ===Transport=== | ||
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====Road Transport==== | ====Road Transport==== | ||
| − | Truck transport accounts for a large amount of cargo transport within Texas, and to facilitate this, many medium and long distance trucks will haul two full trailers. | + | Truck transport accounts for a large amount of cargo transport within Texas, and to facilitate this, many medium and long distance trucks will haul two full trailers. |
| + | |||
| + | Texas is home to [[Caddo Motor Company]], which is a builder of commercial medium and heavy duty trucks, and which has additional factories in the Netherlands and South Australia. | ||
| + | Three major automobile manufacturers have plants in Texas: [[SAAM]]; [[Rio Motors]]; and . | ||
====Railroads==== | ====Railroads==== | ||
| − | Texas | + | [[North Texas Railroad]], headquartered in Dallas. |
| + | |||
| + | [[Texas and Rio Grande Railroad]], headquartered in Dos Laredos. | ||
| − | Texas | + | The [[Texas, Mexican and Pacific Railroad]] is headquartered in El Paso. It boasts the largest railroad network in Texas, in terms of route length. |
| − | + | [[Bexar Locomotive Company]] is a major locomotive manufacturer, in direct competition with EMD and GE, based in San Antonio. | |
| + | [[Nueces Car and Foundry]] builds railroad equipment, based in [[Corpus Cristi]]. | ||
| − | ==== | + | ====Air Transport==== |
| − | + | Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport is the largest airport in Texas and is also the headquarters of [[Texas International Airlines]], the flag carrier of Texas, offering flights to 260 destinations in 64 countries. | |
| − | + | Dallas Love Field is the headquarters of [[Southwest Airlines]], a low-cost carrier which offers services to 12 countries and over 130 destinations. | |
| + | Other major airports of Texas include San Antonio International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, and El Paso International Airport. | ||
| + | |||
| + | There are several prominent aerospace manufactuers in Texas. The largest, [[Texavia]] is based in [[Houston]], at Houston Hobby Airport. Texavia manufactures airliners and is 5th largest airliner manufacturer in the world. [[Worth Helicopters]], [[Donnalley Aerospace]], and [[Texavia]] have manufacturing facilities at Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Water Transport==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[San Jacinto Shipyard]] | ||
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
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===Cities, towns, and metropolitan areas=== | ===Cities, towns, and metropolitan areas=== | ||
| − | Texas has 3 cities with populations exceeding 1 million, San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston. | + | Texas has 3 cities with populations exceeding 1 million, [[San Antonio]], [[Dallas]], and [[Houston]]. |
There are 3 metropolitan areas with greater than 1 million people: | There are 3 metropolitan areas with greater than 1 million people: | ||
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*Paso del Norte (El Paso,TEX - Juarez,MEX - Las Cruces,US); | *Paso del Norte (El Paso,TEX - Juarez,MEX - Las Cruces,US); | ||
*Twin Cities or Dos Laredos (Laredo,TEX - Laredo,RGR); | *Twin Cities or Dos Laredos (Laredo,TEX - Laredo,RGR); | ||
| − | *Reynosa-Hidalgo; (Hidalgo,TEX - Reynosa,RGR) | + | *Reynosa-Hidalgo; (Hidalgo,TEX - Reynosa,RGR) |
*Paso del Golfo (Olmito,TEX - Matamoros,RGR). | *Paso del Golfo (Olmito,TEX - Matamoros,RGR). | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|1 | |1 | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Houston]] |
| − | | | + | |Harris |
| − | | | + | |1,800,000 |
|11 | |11 | ||
|[[Amarillo]] | |[[Amarillo]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Potter-Randall |
| − | | | + | |220,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|2 | |2 | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[San Antonio]] |
| − | | | + | |Bexar |
| − | | | + | |1,400,000 |
|12 | |12 | ||
|[[Lubbock]] | |[[Lubbock]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Lubbock |
| − | | | + | |180,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|3 | |3 | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Dallas]] |
| − | | | + | |Dallas |
| − | | | + | |1,100,000 |
|13 | |13 | ||
|[[Denton (city)|Denton]] | |[[Denton (city)|Denton]] | ||
|Denton | |Denton | ||
| − | | | + | |135,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|4 | |4 | ||
|[[Austin]] | |[[Austin]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Travis |
| − | | | + | |950,000 |
|14 | |14 | ||
|[[Waco]] | |[[Waco]] | ||
| − | | | + | |McLennan |
| − | | | + | |130,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|5 | |5 | ||
|[[Fort Worth]] | |[[Fort Worth]] | ||
|Tarrant | |Tarrant | ||
| − | | | + | |880,000 |
|15 | |15 | ||
|[[Marshall]] | |[[Marshall]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Harrison |
| − | | | + | |120,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|6 | |6 | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[El Paso]] |
| − | | | + | |El Paso |
| − | | | + | |680,000 |
|16 | |16 | ||
|[[Abilene]] | |[[Abilene]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Taylor |
| − | | | + | |115,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|7 | |7 | ||
| − | |[[ | + | |[[Corpus Cristi]] |
| − | | | + | |Nueces |
| − | | | + | |375,000 |
|17 | |17 | ||
|[[Midland]] | |[[Midland]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Midland |
| − | | | + | |110,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|8 | |8 | ||
|[[Laredo]] | |[[Laredo]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Webb |
| − | | | + | |310,000 |
|18 | |18 | ||
|[[McKinney]] | |[[McKinney]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Collin |
| − | | | + | |105,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|9 | |9 | ||
|[[Olmito]] | |[[Olmito]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Cameron |
| − | | | + | |260,000 |
|19 | |19 | ||
|[[San Angelo]] | |[[San Angelo]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Tom Green |
| − | | | + | |103,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|10 | |10 | ||
|[[Hidalgo]] | |[[Hidalgo]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Hidalgo |
| − | | | + | |230,000 |
|20 | |20 | ||
|[[Beaumont]] | |[[Beaumont]] | ||
| − | | | + | |Jefferson |
| − | | | + | |100,000 |
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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===Health=== | ===Health=== | ||
| − | Healthcare in Texas is delivered through a publicly funded single payer health care system, which is run by a government department called Texas Health. Texas is | + | Healthcare in Texas is delivered through a publicly funded single payer health care system, which is run by a government department called [[Texas Health]]. Texas is claimed to have the best health care system in North America, surpassing even that of Canada. |
| − | Health tourism by Canadians, Americans, and Mexicans is frequent. | + | Health tourism by Canadians, Americans, Riograndense, and Mexicans is frequent. |
===Education=== | ===Education=== | ||
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===Ethnicity=== | ===Ethnicity=== | ||
| − | The majority of Texans, about 2/3rds, are | + | The majority of Texans, about 2/3rds, are of either European or Latin American (Latino) descent. About 15% of Texans are black, 5% are First Texans (Native Americans), and 10% are from other ethnicities. In past years, immigration from Asia (India, China, Vietnam, Philippines) have increased, making up about 7% of the population. |
===Languages=== | ===Languages=== | ||
| − | The two common languages spoken by people throughout Texas is Texan English, which itself is a variety of a broader category of American English (with influences from British English), and Spanish. | + | The two common languages spoken by people throughout Texas is Texan English, which itself is a variety of a broader category of American English (with influences from British English), and Spanish. All Texans are taught English and Spanish, being bilingual. The daily use of languages is considered even, being a 50/50% English/Spanish split. |
| + | ===Religion=== | ||
| − | = | + | {| class="wikitable" |
| + | |- | ||
| + | !Religion !!% !!Number | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Catholic ||32% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Other Christians ||26% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Protestant ||12% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Jewish ||1% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Other ||5% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Irreligious ||24% || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
| − | Texan culture is influenced by its most prominent neighbours, that of the United States (and by extension, Canada), the Rio Grande, and Mexico; though Texas still has a unique cultural identity. | + | Texan culture is influenced by its most prominent neighbours, that of the United States (and by extension, Canada), the Rio Grande, and Mexico; though Texas still has a unique cultural identity. Additionally, Texas has close ties with the United Kingdom, being major trade partners since its inception. |
| + | |||
| + | Texas is culturally intertwined with Mexico and [[Rio Grande]], and vice versa. Latin American culture is prominent in Texas, alongside Texas' own unique national identity. As a result of this, Texas is commonly considered a Latin American country. | ||
| + | |||
===Symbols=== | ===Symbols=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | There are a variety of symbols associated worldwide with Texas. | ||
===Literature=== | ===Literature=== | ||
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===Sports=== | ===Sports=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Texas has three NAFL teams, the Houston Oilers, the Dallas Cowboys, and the San Antonio Texians. The North American Football League is an multi-national professional gridiron league consisting of 3 playing divisions (Western, Eastern, and Southern) with 48 member teams originating from Canada, Mexico, [[Rio Grande]], Texas, and the United States. | ||
===Holidays=== | ===Holidays=== | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
{| class="wikitable sortable" | {| class="wikitable sortable" | ||
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===Texan Cities=== | ===Texan Cities=== | ||
| + | |||
*City populations have been slightly changed and reestimated to reflect new trends. Marshall is now a Top20 city, due to its proximity to Shreveport (replaces Longview and Tyler). The same is for Beaumont, due to its location between Houston and Lake Charles/Baton Rouge. Gainesville will become a larger city being on the border of TX/OK and along the route of NH1 and I35. | *City populations have been slightly changed and reestimated to reflect new trends. Marshall is now a Top20 city, due to its proximity to Shreveport (replaces Longview and Tyler). The same is for Beaumont, due to its location between Houston and Lake Charles/Baton Rouge. Gainesville will become a larger city being on the border of TX/OK and along the route of NH1 and I35. | ||
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*Brownsville will not exist in name (named after American), so it has been renamed to Olmito (which is a town nearby) | *Brownsville will not exist in name (named after American), so it has been renamed to Olmito (which is a town nearby) | ||
| − | *Plano will not be as large as it is. There will be no national corporations to move there because Texas is not a US state. | + | *Plano and the surrounding areas will not be as large as it is. There will be no national corporations to move there because Texas is not a US state. So no more suburbs ruining that area. |
| − | *Houston will still remain the centre of Oil exports for Texas, though it will be smaller in size. Operations for the US transferred to Baton Rouge-New Orleans | + | *Houston will still remain the centre of Oil exports for Texas, though it will be smaller in size. Operations for the US transferred to Baton Rouge-New Orleans-Lake Charles |
| − | *Fort Hood is the centre of Texas' Army and Air Forces. The airport on base is considerably enlarged and has 2 long runways, plus a number of auxiliary runways. It can be comparable to | + | *Fort Hood is the centre of Texas' Army and Air Forces. The airport on base is considerably enlarged and has 2 long runways, plus a number of auxiliary runways. It can be comparable to Edward's AFB, in that it is the centre of testing and development for aircraft and weapons. In addition, there are several large heliports and small auxiliary airports located around the base. The base may not be as big as it is in present day, but it still remains an important military facility due to its central location. |
| − | *Cities and locations in Texas are pronounced in the proper Spanish pronunciation, if it is from Spanish; Amarillo being a prime example. Rio Grande being Ree-o Grahn-deh | + | *Cities and locations in Texas are pronounced in the proper Spanish pronunciation, if it is derived from Spanish; Amarillo being a prime example. Rio Grande being Ree-o Grahn-deh, |
*Springfield Texas DOES NOT EXIST. There are 49 others to choose from, go there instead. | *Springfield Texas DOES NOT EXIST. There are 49 others to choose from, go there instead. | ||
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*Independence Missouri will replace Kansas City Missouri, because it makes no sense. | *Independence Missouri will replace Kansas City Missouri, because it makes no sense. | ||
| − | |||
===Territory=== | ===Territory=== | ||
| − | *Gadsden Purchase is considered unneccessary by the US, as there is not much need for a 'southern' railroad route. Therefore, the southern transcontinental line is through Gallup NM. Tucson and Yuma are now Mexican. Tucson is now Mexico's largest city in the north and becomes a key trading point with the states. The Texas, Mexican | + | *Gadsden Purchase is considered unneccessary by the US, as there is not much need for a 'southern' railroad route. Therefore, the southern transcontinental line is through Gallup NM. Tucson and Yuma are now Mexican. Tucson is now Mexico's largest city in the north and becomes a key trading point with the states. The [[Texas, Mexican and Pacific Railroad]] is a southern tri-national railroad that goes between Los Angeles US and Baton Rouge US via a southern route through Yuma, Tucson, [[El Paso]], DFW, [[Marshall]]. |
*PUERTO RICO is the 50th state of the United States. Finally it will get what it deserves. And people pronounce it the right way, Pwehr-to Ree-co. | *PUERTO RICO is the 50th state of the United States. Finally it will get what it deserves. And people pronounce it the right way, Pwehr-to Ree-co. | ||
| Line 441: | Line 524: | ||
*BNSF is headquarted in Independence, Missouri, since it cannot be in Fort Worth. | *BNSF is headquarted in Independence, Missouri, since it cannot be in Fort Worth. | ||
| − | *NASA's | + | *NASA's Jonhson Space Center will be located in Baton Rouge. |
*SpaceX will be located in America. Perhaps Louisiana for main testing sites. Boca Raton launch site is still a possibility. | *SpaceX will be located in America. Perhaps Louisiana for main testing sites. Boca Raton launch site is still a possibility. | ||
| − | |||
| + | ===Others=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Texas is not considered a part of the American Bible Belt. Texas is more on the centre of the political spectrum, with an equal footing on left and right, versus primarily right as it is currently. Texans are, in general less reliant on religion. | ||
| − | [[Category:SA]][[Category:Countries]] | + | [[Category:SA]][[Category:Texas]][[Category:Countries]] |
Latest revision as of 21:22, 26 August 2020
| Republic of Texas | ||
|---|---|---|
| República de Tejas | ||
  | ||
| Motto | "Remember the Alamo" | |
| Anthem | "Where the Bluebonnets Grow" | |
| March | "The Texian Grand March" | |
 | ||
| Capital | Austin | |
| Largest City | Houston | |
| Official language | English | |
| Spanish | ||
| Demographics | Latino | 35% |
| European | 35% | |
| Black | 15% | |
| First Texan | 5% | |
| Other | 10% | |
| Demonym(s) | Texan | |
| Tejano (Spanish) | ||
| Texian (historic) | ||
| Government | Unitary Presidential | |
| Constitutional republic | ||
| President | Alexander Ahuli Carizzo | |
| Congress of Texas | Senate | |
| House of Representatives | ||
| Formation | Independence | 2nd March, 1836 |
| Open Borders RGR | 1974 | |
| Geography | Total Area | 717,041sqkm |
| Coastline | ||
| Highest Elevation | 2,667.4m | |
| Population | 2020 census | 23,950,036 |
| 2015 Census | 22,572,379 | |
| Density | 33.4/sqkm | |
| Economy | GDP (PPP) 2020 | $1.5 trillion |
| Per capita | $63,000 | |
| HDI (2016) | ||
| Currency | Texas Dollar (Texan redbacks) | |
| Time zone | UTC -6 (DST not observed) | |
| Date format | dd/MMM/yyyy | |
| Drives on the | Right | |
| Internet TLD | .tx | |
| Calling code | +11 | |
The Republic of Texas follows Texas after its independence, but instead of becoming a part of the United States, they remain independent. In addition, the Rio Grande Republic gains its independence in 1848 and becomes an essential neighbour and trading partner to Texas.
Contents
History
Revolution
All events prior happened as they did.
Santa Anna signed Treaties of Velasco, which Mexico refuses to ratify, though both sides agree to a temporary armistice. However, Mexico warned Texas that joining the United States would result in another war. Texas agreed to these terms. Santa Anna was released back to Mexico, arriving in Veracruz on 7 June 1836 (rel. 1 June from Velasco). Upon return to Mexico, Santa Anna petitioned for Texas' independence before Mexican Congress, though it did not pass.
Texas and Mexico were still hostile towards each other and had continued border skrimishes, but war did not resume.
On 17 January 1840, when the Rio Grande Republic declared its independence, Mexico was not able to respond quickly nor effectively. Texas desired a buffer zone between them and Mexico, secretly sending troops and assistance. The revolution in Rio Grande was slow, with key battles occuring months apart. The pivotal Battle of Saltillo, where Ráfael Vásquez's 800 strong force was decimated at a hacienda, losing 600 men while the Texians and allies lost only 8, emerged as a victory for Rio Grande. This victory was a boost in morale to revolutionaries in Rio Grande and resulted in an increase of enslistments and support for the republic. However, Mexican forces had built up and by March 1841 after several major losses, the majority of Riograndense forces were captured and imprisioned, killed in battle, or deserted.
With the advent of the Mexican-American war (in which Texas was neutral), beginning in 1846, several major battles in Riograndense territory (Monterrey, Buena Vista) inspired revolutionaries to take up arms once again, alongside the US, in their fight for independence. The US, eager for allies that would be of use in Mexico, agreed to lead them. Riograndense forces steadily gained strength as the war moved through Rio Grande territory and into Mexico.
With the ending of the war, Mexico, Rio Grande, Texas, and the United States were present at Guadalupe-Hidalgo, where three separate treaties were signed. The first and second acknowledging the full independence of Texas and Rio Grande. The third ending the Mexican-American War and resulting in the Mexican cession.
When Texas signed at the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, it was then that Texas and Rio Grande realised that they had an overlapping land claim. It was agreed upon by the Rio Grande that Texas would be entitled to its land, merely due to the timeline of events, Texas having claimed the border to the Rio Grande River before the Rio Grande Republic even existed. However, after the 1849 Texian Cession (where Texas sold it's redundant land claims to the United States), Texas offered Rio Grande a small monetary compensation to formally resolve the matter. While the payment given by Texas was certainly not as much as the land claim was worth, the gesture was well received and a welcome financial boost to the poor republic.
Independence
Sam Houston, as first president, was able to keep the peace with the Native Americans, and attempted to pass the Solemn Declaration, a treaty that gave the Indians the right to their land. After Mirabeau Lamar's failed War on the Indians, Houston was reelected by the Texan population, with a much stronger desire for peace with the Natives. Treaties were created with all tribes aside from the Comanches who were contiually waging war. The Comanche continued to be a problem and only in the late 1850s was a peace treaty enacted. The continued war against the Comanches by the Americans slowly whittled away at their numbers and several illegal invasions into Texas made by American forces penetrated into the heart of Comancheria. This led to a treaty that would ensure their continued survival. The First Texans were given rights and status the same as other Texians much earlier than their American counterparts, and were integrated into the fabric of Texian society.
1849 Texian Cession to the United States is the formal sale and survey of Texas' land claims in the aftermath of the Mexican-American War. After the United States received the Mexican Cession, the issue of the Texas-American border was still at question. The Pearce Boundary survey was chosen and agreed upon. The border extend east from the Rio Grande at N32 to W103, north to N37, east to W100, with the artificial border formally terminating at the North Fork of the Red River. Despite the sizable chunk of land this took out of the United States, it was preferred by both parties. The sale would help Texas settle debts resulting from Mirabeau Lamar's attacks on Native Americans, the Texian-Mexican War, and their financial support of the Rio Grande after their independence. The resultant purchase netted Texas 15 million dollars.
Slavery was abolished several years after independence, between 1851 and 1853. The primary reason to abolish slavery was to open trade negotiations with Mexico and the UK, who had abolished slavery themselves. After several years of debate, it was considered that the economic impacts of abolishing slavery and trading heavily with the UK was preferable to keeping slavery. As a result, Texas was a popular destination for runaway slaves, though some still continued to Mexico. (In this timeline, the Texans, though mostly from America, slowly waned on their support of slavery. With the inclusion of First Texans, black Texans were the next to be given rights).
Nearly fifty years after the Treaty of Velasco, Texas had a strong desire to revisit and repair relations with Mexico who still viewed Texas somewhat unfavourably. This formed the impetus of the Rio Grande Treaty of 1876, signed by Mexico, Rio Grande, and Texas. This treaty promoted economic cooperation and a mutual defence agreement (though this clause was never invoked).
20th Century
In 1901, the Spindetop field struck oil. This catapulted into Texas becoming the foremost producer of oil in the world, quickly making Texas very rich. Texoil and GulfCo, formed to work Spindletop, became the largest and most profitable companies in Texas.
The beginning of the Oil Boom in Texas led to a new wave of urbanisation rapibly converting Texas from a rural country to an urban country. By 1930, 40% of people lived in urban areas.
21st Century
Geography
Texas is the 4rd largest country in North America and the 39th largest country in the world, with a land area of 717,041sqkm.
Climate
Government and Politics
Government
President serves for 3 years non-consecutively, no more than 2 terms. Senators and House members serve for 3 years, no more than 2 terms.
There are 43 Senators and 294 House Representatives.
Politics in Texas is dominated by three parties: the Labor Party (left); the First Texan Party (indigenous/minority, centre); and the National Party (right). Though these three parties account for most votes, they only account for 80%, with an additional 20% represented in other parties, such as the People's Party (dem-soc); Green Party (environment); Texas Libertarians; among others.
Law
Criminal Law
Foreign Relations
Main Article: Foreign Relations of Texas
Rio Grande
Texas is an essential neighbour and trading partner to the Rio Grande. This partnership with Rio Grande resulted in the Rio Grande Treaty Area, with open borders between the two countries, the only identification required being a state issued driving license or identification card, whereas non-Texas/Riograndense nationals must pass the border with a valid passport.
Mexico
Military
Main Article: Texas Armed Forces
The Texas Armed Forces consists of 3 major branches: Texas Army; Texas Navy; and Texas Air Force, as well as 4 minor branches: Texas Coast Guard, Texas National Guard (the militia), Texas Marines, Texas Rangers.
Throughout its history, Texas has kept a relatively neutral stance. After the Texas revolution and the quiet support of the Rio Grande Republic's revolution, Texas has only been involved in WWI, WWII, and the 2001 Iraq War and War in Afghanistan.
Texas was involved in WWI, not due to release of the Zimmerman telegram, but the resumption of submarine warfare by the Germans.
Administrative Divisions
Main Article: Regions and Counties of Texas
There are 259 counties (condados) in Texas. There are 5 additional counties present in SA Texas: Encinal, Greer, Cimarron, Guymon (Texas Cty.,OK), and Beaver.
Each county runs on a Commissioner's Court with 4 elected commissioners, one from each of 4 precints in the county, and a county judge. There is at minimum, one county representative from each county in the House of Representatives, plus additional representatives dependant on population.
Texas is further divided into 6 regions: Panhandle, West, East, North, South, Central. Designated districts of these 6 regions (definited by clusters of counties) determine the number of senate seats.
There are 11 First Texan reserves throughout Texas. They are given a status equivalent of being a county AND a region/district, and therefore have representatives in the Senate and House of Representatives, determined in the same manner as with the rest of Texas, by territory (1 per) and by population (with preference, rounding up, minimum of 1).
Texas Dollar
The Texan Dollar, popularly known as redbacks is the currency of Texas. They follow a standard design similar to the three dollar bill, with three different representations of denomination, ie: 3, THREE, and TRES. Denominations in bills would include $1, $2, $3, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100, $500. This time, a mint would be present, with coinage being 1¢, 5¢, 25¢, 50¢. In the early 2000s, the $1 and $2 bills would be replaced with coins
Economy
Beef production represents the largest segment of Texas agriculture, followed by cotton, chicken, and dairy products.
Oil production still accounts for a large portion of Texas' economy. Texas has 790,000,000 m3 of oil in petroleum deposits. Every day, 730,000 m3 of oil is refined in Texas.
Despite its continued reliance on oil production, Texas has been steadily growing its renewable energy sector, producing 15% of its energy by wind. As well, the installation of solar panels on a large scale is expected to contribute a fair amount, no less than 4% by 2025.
Units of Measurement and Standards
Texas would convert to metric just after independence. Mexican units were in use in the interim period and still used when referencing land surveys, and Imperial units are all but phased out, except when trading with the US.
Energy
There is a cluster of 6 concentrated solar thermal plants southeast of El Paso, whose combined installed capacity can generate up to 950MW. Total actual capacity of each unit is: 147MW, 152MW, 152MW, 149MW, 161MW, and 154MW.
Dubs & Hughes has a facility west of Denton, for manufacturing wind turbine blades and tower base components, and a facility south of Dallas, for manufacturing the turbines themselves.
Transport
Road Transport
Truck transport accounts for a large amount of cargo transport within Texas, and to facilitate this, many medium and long distance trucks will haul two full trailers.
Texas is home to Caddo Motor Company, which is a builder of commercial medium and heavy duty trucks, and which has additional factories in the Netherlands and South Australia.
Three major automobile manufacturers have plants in Texas: SAAM; Rio Motors; and .
Railroads
North Texas Railroad, headquartered in Dallas.
Texas and Rio Grande Railroad, headquartered in Dos Laredos.
The Texas, Mexican and Pacific Railroad is headquartered in El Paso. It boasts the largest railroad network in Texas, in terms of route length.
Bexar Locomotive Company is a major locomotive manufacturer, in direct competition with EMD and GE, based in San Antonio.
Nueces Car and Foundry builds railroad equipment, based in Corpus Cristi.
Air Transport
Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport is the largest airport in Texas and is also the headquarters of Texas International Airlines, the flag carrier of Texas, offering flights to 260 destinations in 64 countries.
Dallas Love Field is the headquarters of Southwest Airlines, a low-cost carrier which offers services to 12 countries and over 130 destinations.
Other major airports of Texas include San Antonio International Airport, Houston Intercontinental Airport, and El Paso International Airport.
There are several prominent aerospace manufactuers in Texas. The largest, Texavia is based in Houston, at Houston Hobby Airport. Texavia manufactures airliners and is 5th largest airliner manufacturer in the world. Worth Helicopters, Donnalley Aerospace, and Texavia have manufacturing facilities at Carswell Air Force Base in Fort Worth.
Water Transport
Demographics
Cities, towns, and metropolitan areas
Texas has 3 cities with populations exceeding 1 million, San Antonio, Dallas, and Houston.
There are 3 metropolitan areas with greater than 1 million people:
- Metroplex (Dallas, Fort Worth, Denton);
- Galveston Bay (Houston-Baytown-Texas City);
- Greater Capital Region (Austin-Round Rock-San Marcos-San Antonio-New Braunfels).
Additionally, there are 4 international metropolitan areas with greater than 1 million people (combined):
- Paso del Norte (El Paso,TEX - Juarez,MEX - Las Cruces,US);
- Twin Cities or Dos Laredos (Laredo,TEX - Laredo,RGR);
- Reynosa-Hidalgo; (Hidalgo,TEX - Reynosa,RGR)
- Paso del Golfo (Olmito,TEX - Matamoros,RGR).
| Largest cities in Texas | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Name | County | Population | Rank | Name | County | Population |
| 1 | Houston | Harris | 1,800,000 | 11 | Amarillo | Potter-Randall | 220,000 |
| 2 | San Antonio | Bexar | 1,400,000 | 12 | Lubbock | Lubbock | 180,000 |
| 3 | Dallas | Dallas | 1,100,000 | 13 | Denton | Denton | 135,000 |
| 4 | Austin | Travis | 950,000 | 14 | Waco | McLennan | 130,000 |
| 5 | Fort Worth | Tarrant | 880,000 | 15 | Marshall | Harrison | 120,000 |
| 6 | El Paso | El Paso | 680,000 | 16 | Abilene | Taylor | 115,000 |
| 7 | Corpus Cristi | Nueces | 375,000 | 17 | Midland | Midland | 110,000 |
| 8 | Laredo | Webb | 310,000 | 18 | McKinney | Collin | 105,000 |
| 9 | Olmito | Cameron | 260,000 | 19 | San Angelo | Tom Green | 103,000 |
| 10 | Hidalgo | Hidalgo | 230,000 | 20 | Beaumont | Jefferson | 100,000 |
Health
Healthcare in Texas is delivered through a publicly funded single payer health care system, which is run by a government department called Texas Health. Texas is claimed to have the best health care system in North America, surpassing even that of Canada.
Health tourism by Canadians, Americans, Riograndense, and Mexicans is frequent.
Education
There are over 1000 School Disitricts in Texas, which are run through the municipalities which they serve.
Ethnicity
The majority of Texans, about 2/3rds, are of either European or Latin American (Latino) descent. About 15% of Texans are black, 5% are First Texans (Native Americans), and 10% are from other ethnicities. In past years, immigration from Asia (India, China, Vietnam, Philippines) have increased, making up about 7% of the population.
Languages
The two common languages spoken by people throughout Texas is Texan English, which itself is a variety of a broader category of American English (with influences from British English), and Spanish. All Texans are taught English and Spanish, being bilingual. The daily use of languages is considered even, being a 50/50% English/Spanish split.
Religion
| Religion | % | Number |
|---|---|---|
| Catholic | 32% | |
| Other Christians | 26% | |
| Protestant | 12% | |
| Jewish | 1% | |
| Other | 5% | |
| Irreligious | 24% |
Culture
Texan culture is influenced by its most prominent neighbours, that of the United States (and by extension, Canada), the Rio Grande, and Mexico; though Texas still has a unique cultural identity. Additionally, Texas has close ties with the United Kingdom, being major trade partners since its inception.
Texas is culturally intertwined with Mexico and Rio Grande, and vice versa. Latin American culture is prominent in Texas, alongside Texas' own unique national identity. As a result of this, Texas is commonly considered a Latin American country.
Symbols
There are a variety of symbols associated worldwide with Texas.
Literature
Music
Sports
Texas has three NAFL teams, the Houston Oilers, the Dallas Cowboys, and the San Antonio Texians. The North American Football League is an multi-national professional gridiron league consisting of 3 playing divisions (Western, Eastern, and Southern) with 48 member teams originating from Canada, Mexico, Rio Grande, Texas, and the United States.
Holidays
| Holidays in Texas | ||
|---|---|---|
| Name | Date | Notes |
| New Year's Day | 1 January | |
| Independence Day | 2 March | |
| Labour Day | 1 May | |
| Veteran's Day | 11 November | |
| Christmas | 25 December | |
Differences from State of Texas
Texan Cities
- City populations have been slightly changed and reestimated to reflect new trends. Marshall is now a Top20 city, due to its proximity to Shreveport (replaces Longview and Tyler). The same is for Beaumont, due to its location between Houston and Lake Charles/Baton Rouge. Gainesville will become a larger city being on the border of TX/OK and along the route of NH1 and I35.
- Brownsville will not exist in name (named after American), so it has been renamed to Olmito (which is a town nearby)
- Plano and the surrounding areas will not be as large as it is. There will be no national corporations to move there because Texas is not a US state. So no more suburbs ruining that area.
- Houston will still remain the centre of Oil exports for Texas, though it will be smaller in size. Operations for the US transferred to Baton Rouge-New Orleans-Lake Charles
- Fort Hood is the centre of Texas' Army and Air Forces. The airport on base is considerably enlarged and has 2 long runways, plus a number of auxiliary runways. It can be comparable to Edward's AFB, in that it is the centre of testing and development for aircraft and weapons. In addition, there are several large heliports and small auxiliary airports located around the base. The base may not be as big as it is in present day, but it still remains an important military facility due to its central location.
- Cities and locations in Texas are pronounced in the proper Spanish pronunciation, if it is derived from Spanish; Amarillo being a prime example. Rio Grande being Ree-o Grahn-deh,
- Springfield Texas DOES NOT EXIST. There are 49 others to choose from, go there instead.
American Cities
- Baton Rouge and New Orleans will be an equivalent replacement of Houston and its port. This will make the Port of New Orleans (along to Gulfport, Miss; Lake Charles; and Baton Rouge) the primary port faclities for the Southern US. The entire area will have a much larger population, with at least 4 million in the metro area, with another potentially 2-3 million in surrounding areas. Alongside the new ports, major refineries, industries, and companies will set up here instead of in Houston.
- Oklahoma City replaces Dallas-Fort Worth. While in Texas, DFW will still be a major metro area, OKC now takes that torch for the US. Primarily, OKC will become a major shipping hub for most of the US.
- Independence Missouri will replace Kansas City Missouri, because it makes no sense.
Territory
- Gadsden Purchase is considered unneccessary by the US, as there is not much need for a 'southern' railroad route. Therefore, the southern transcontinental line is through Gallup NM. Tucson and Yuma are now Mexican. Tucson is now Mexico's largest city in the north and becomes a key trading point with the states. The Texas, Mexican and Pacific Railroad is a southern tri-national railroad that goes between Los Angeles US and Baton Rouge US via a southern route through Yuma, Tucson, El Paso, DFW, Marshall.
- PUERTO RICO is the 50th state of the United States. Finally it will get what it deserves. And people pronounce it the right way, Pwehr-to Ree-co.
Companies
- BNSF is headquarted in Independence, Missouri, since it cannot be in Fort Worth.
- NASA's Jonhson Space Center will be located in Baton Rouge.
- SpaceX will be located in America. Perhaps Louisiana for main testing sites. Boca Raton launch site is still a possibility.
Others
- Texas is not considered a part of the American Bible Belt. Texas is more on the centre of the political spectrum, with an equal footing on left and right, versus primarily right as it is currently. Texans are, in general less reliant on religion.
