Difference between revisions of "Aravala"
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− | Aravala | + | {{Short description|Third planet from the Sun in the Solar System}} |
− | [[File:Aravala globe.png| | + | {{About|the planet|its human aspects|World|other uses|Aravala (disambiguation)|and|Planet Earth (disambiguation)}} |
+ | {{Featured article}} | ||
+ | {{pp-semi-indef}} | ||
+ | {{pp-move-indef}} | ||
+ | {{Use American English|date=August 2019}} | ||
+ | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}} | ||
+ | {{Infobox planet | ||
+ | <!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||
+ | This infobox has been formatted in the same way as those for other Solar System | ||
+ | planets and bodies, so please do not change it without discussion on the talkpage. | ||
+ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> | ||
+ | | background = #f8f9fa | ||
+ | | name = Aravala | ||
+ | | alt_names = Earth, World, Maa, Maapallo, Daellak | ||
+ | | adjectives = Aravalanian | ||
+ | | symbol = [[File:Earth symbol.svg|18px|Astronomical symbol of Earth]] | ||
+ | | image = File:Aravala globe.png | ||
+ | | image_alt = Drawing of Aravala, after the famous picture by SNTL Cosmonauts in 1975 Showing the Centrall Archipelago in the middle and the Old Continent on the left, and the Newland in the far right. | ||
+ | | caption = The most widely used photograph of Earth, taken by SNTL Cosmonauts in 1975 | ||
+ | | epoch = [[J2000.0|J2000]]<ref group="n" name="epoch" /> | ||
+ | | aphelion = {{convert|152,100,000|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref group="n" name="apsis" /> | ||
+ | | perihelion = {{convert|147,095,000|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref group="n" name="apsis" /> | ||
+ | | time_periastron = 2021-Jan-02 13:59<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi?find_body=1&body_group=mb&sstr=399|title=Solar System Dynamics|work=NASA|first1=Ryan S.|last1=Park|last2=Chamberlin|first2=Alan B.}}</ref> | ||
+ | | semimajor = {{convert|149,598,023|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="VSOP87" /> | ||
+ | | eccentricity = {{val|0.0167086}}<ref name="VSOP87" /> | ||
+ | | period = {{convert|365.256363004|d|ks|comma=gaps|abbr=on|lk=out|disp=x|<ref name="IERS" /><br /><small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | | avg_speed = {{convert|29.78|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /><br /><small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | | mean_anomaly = {{val|358.617|u=°}} | ||
+ | | inclination = {{ublist|class=nowrap |{{val|7.155|u=°}} to the [[Sun]]'s [[equator]]; |{{val|1.57869|u=°}}<ref name="Allen294" /> to [[invariable plane]]; |{{val|0.00005|u=°}} to J2000 [[ecliptic]]}} | ||
+ | | asc_node = {{val|-11.26064|u=°}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> to J2000 ecliptic | ||
+ | | arg_peri = {{val|114.20783|u=°}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | ||
+ | | satellites = | ||
+ | {{unbulleted list | ||
+ | | 1 natural satellite: the [[Moon]] | ||
+ | | 5 [[quasi-satellite]]s | ||
+ | | >3 300 operational [[artificial satellite]]s<ref name="ucs" /> | ||
+ | | >18 000 tracked [[space debris]]<ref group="n" name="space_debris" /> | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | | allsatellites = yes | ||
+ | | mean_radius = {{convert|6371.0|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="hbcp2000" /> | ||
+ | | equatorial_radius = {{convert|6378.137|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name=usno /><ref name="WGS-84" /> | ||
+ | | polar_radius = {{convert|6356.752|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="cazenave_ahrens1995" /> | ||
+ | | flattening = 1/{{val|298.257222101}} ([[ETRS89]])<ref name="IERS2004" /> | ||
+ | | circumference = | ||
+ | {{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | ||
+ | | {{convert|40075.017|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>[[equator]]ial (|)</small>}}<ref name="WGS-84">[[World Geodetic System]] (''WGS-84''). [http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ Available online] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311023739/https://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/wgs84/ |date=11 March 2020 }} from [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]].</ref> | ||
+ | | {{convert|40007.86|km|mi|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>[[meridional]] (|)</small>}}<ref name="WGS-84-2" /><ref group="n" name="circ">Earth's [[circumference]] is almost exactly 40,000 km because the meter was calibrated on this measurement—more specifically, 1/10-millionth of the distance between the poles and the equator.</ref> | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | | surface_area = | ||
+ | {{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | ||
+ | | {{convert|510067420|km2|mi2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="Pidwirny 2006_8" /><ref group="n" name="surfacecover" /> | ||
+ | | {{convert|148940000|km2|mi2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| land <small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | | {{convert|361132000|km2|mi2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| water <small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | | volume = [[Volume of the Earth|{{val|1.08321|e=12|u=km3}}]] <small>({{val|2.59876|e=11|u=cu mi}})</small><ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | ||
+ | | mass = {{val|5.97237|e=24|u=kg}} <small>({{val|1.31668|e=25|u=lb}})</small><ref name="Luzum2011" /> <br /> <small>({{val|3.0|e=-6|ul=solar mass}})</small> | ||
+ | | density = {{convert|5.514|g/cm3|lb/cuin|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>(|)</small>}}<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | ||
+ | | surface_grav = {{convert|9.80665|m/s2|ft/s2|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x| <small>([[Gravity of Earth|{{val|1|u=''g''}}]]; |)</small>}}<ref name="NIST2008" /> | ||
+ | | moment_of_inertia_factor = 0.3307<ref name="Williams1994" /> | ||
+ | | escape_velocity = {{convert|11.186|km/s|km/h mph|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> <small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | | sidereal_day = {{longitem|{{val|0.99726968|u=d}}<ref name="Allen296" /> <br /> <small>(23h 56m 4.100s)</small>}} | ||
+ | | rot_velocity = {{convert|1674.4|km/h|km/s km/h mph|order=out|comma=gaps|abbr=on|disp=x|<ref name="Cox2000" /> <br /> <small>(|)</small>}} | ||
+ | | axial_tilt = {{val|23.4392811|u=°}}<ref name="IERS" /> | ||
+ | | albedo = {{ublist|class=nowrap |0.367 [[Geometric albedo|geometric]]<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> |0.306 [[Bond albedo|Bond]]<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" />}} | ||
+ | | atmosphere = yes | ||
+ | | temp_name1 = Celsius | ||
+ | | min_temp_1 = −89.2 °C<ref name=asu_lowest_temp /> | ||
+ | | mean_temp_1 = 14 °C ''(1961–90)''<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jones |first1=P. D. |last2=Harpham |first2=C. |title=Estimation of the absolute surface air temperature of the Earth |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres |date=2013 |volume=118 |issue=8 |pages=3213–3217 |doi=10.1002/jgrd.50359 |bibcode=2013JGRD..118.3213J |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jgrd.50359 |language=en |issn=2169-8996|doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
+ | | max_temp_1 = 56.7 °C<ref name=asu_highest_temp /> | ||
+ | | temp_name2 = Fahrenheit | ||
+ | | min_temp_2 = −128.5 °F | ||
+ | | mean_temp_2 = 57.2 °F ''(1961–90)'' | ||
+ | | max_temp_2 = 134.0 °F | ||
+ | | surface_pressure = {{val|101.325|ul=kPa}} (at [[Sea level|MSL]]) | ||
+ | | atmosphere_composition = | ||
+ | {{unbulleted list |class=nowrap | ||
+ | | 78.08% [[nitrogen]] ({{chem2|N2}}; dry air)<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | ||
+ | | 20.95% [[oxygen]] ({{chem2|O2}}) | ||
+ | | ~ 1% [[water vapor]] <small>([[climate]] variable)</small> | ||
+ | | 0.9340% [[argon]] | ||
+ | | 0.0413% [[carbon dioxide]]<ref name="NOAA">{{cite web |url=https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html |title=Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Recent Global {{chem2|CO2}} Trend |publisher=[[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] |website=[[Earth System Research Laboratory]] |date=19 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004010704/https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends/gl_trend.html |archive-date=4 October 2020 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
+ | | 0.00182% [[neon]]<ref name="earth_fact_sheet" /> | ||
+ | | 0.00052% [[helium]] | ||
+ | | 0.00019% [[methane]] | ||
+ | | 0.00011% [[krypton]] | ||
+ | | 0.00006% [[hydrogen]] | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | | note = no | ||
+ | }} | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
==Etymology== | ==Etymology== | ||
==Geography== | ==Geography== |
Revision as of 16:27, 15 May 2021
This article is about the planet. For its human aspects, see World. For other uses, see Aravala (disambiguation) and Planet Earth (disambiguation).
Template:Featured article Template:Pp-semi-indefTemplate:Use American English Template:Use dmy dates
The most widely used photograph of Earth, taken by SNTL Cosmonauts in 1975 | |||||||||||||
Designations | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Earth, World, Maa, Maapallo, Daellak | |||||||||||||
Adjectives | Aravalanian | ||||||||||||
Orbital characteristics | |||||||||||||
Epoch J2000[n 1] | |||||||||||||
Aphelion | 152100000 km (94500000 mi)[n 2] | ||||||||||||
Perihelion | 147095000 km (91401000 mi)[n 2] | ||||||||||||
149598023 km (92955902 mi)[1] | |||||||||||||
Eccentricity | Template:Val[1] | ||||||||||||
365.256363004 d[2] (31558.1497635 ks) | |||||||||||||
Average orbital speed |
29.78 km/s[3] (107200 km/h; 66600 mph) | ||||||||||||
Template:Val | |||||||||||||
Inclination | Template:Ublist | ||||||||||||
Template:Val[3] to J2000 ecliptic | |||||||||||||
2021-Jan-02 13:59[4] | |||||||||||||
Template:Val[3] | |||||||||||||
Satellites |
| ||||||||||||
Physical characteristics | |||||||||||||
Mean radius | 6371.0 km (3958.8 mi)[6] | ||||||||||||
Equatorial radius | 6378.137 km (3963.191 mi)[7][8] | ||||||||||||
Polar radius | 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi)[9] | ||||||||||||
Flattening | 1/Template:Val (ETRS89)[10] | ||||||||||||
Circumference |
| ||||||||||||
Volume | [[Volume of the Earth|Template:Val]] (Template:Val)[3] | ||||||||||||
Mass |
Template:Val (Template:Val)[13] (Template:Val) | ||||||||||||
Mean density | 5.514 g/cm3 (0.1992 lb/cu in)[3] | ||||||||||||
9.80665 m/s2 ([[Gravity of Earth|Template:Val]]; 32.1740 ft/s2)[14] | |||||||||||||
0.3307[15] | |||||||||||||
11.186 km/s[3] (40270 km/h; 25020 mph) | |||||||||||||
Sidereal rotation period | |||||||||||||
Equatorial rotation velocity |
1674.4 km/h[17] (0.4651 km/s; 1674.4 km/h; 1040.4 mph) | ||||||||||||
Template:Val[2] | |||||||||||||
Albedo | Template:Ublist | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Atmosphere | |||||||||||||
Surface pressure | Template:Val (at MSL) | ||||||||||||
Composition by volume |
|
Etymology
Geography
Plate teutonics
Climate
Continents
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