Hmm... According to any sources, on the fly tests "Bomarc" were able to intercept the K2DU-1 "Reguls-II" drone, on the speed of Mach 2.
So, it can intercept Tu-16, Tu-22 and Tu-22M before they launch their weapons. And - due to nuclear warheads on the "Bomarc" - bombers can't fly to target in close formation.
It's not so much a question of whether or not the missile can intercept targets so much as whether the targets are available in the first place. I'm not even sure if the M-50 was publicly unveiled yet, or if the B-58 was considered a serious exercise yet. The Soviets never had an operational supersonic strategic bomber (i.e., one that would be penetrating NORAD) until the Tu-160. Even if BOMARC was operational during a time when the Tu-22/M were operational, those were really tactical aircraft (despite their size) that were as large and high-performance as they were because they were intended to carry very large, very high-performance missiles that were designed to have enough KE and a large enough warhead to penetrate a defensive screen and sink a very large, very seaworthy target (an aircraft carrier) in basically one shot, even with a conventional warhead. Their supersonic speed was also designed to penetrate CVBG defensive screens, but they still had to slow down to subsonic speeds in order to launch their missiles. The USN was aware of this and so concentrated future missile development to bag the bombers during this most vulnerable launch phase as well as to intercept missiles after successful launch - hence Standard and AEGIS. Meanwhile Talos was considered adequate for the task - which was the task it was specifically designed for in the first place, anyway (Talos is
also a very high-performance missile that was considered adequate for an anti-ship role itself just from the KE it produced and was itself comparable to some of the early Soviet supersonic anti-ship missiles - what made it obsolete was that it wasn't a very maneuverable missile, so it had trouble engaging smaller, but not necessarily faster targets, like missiles; related, its associated tracking and guidance equipment was becoming increasingly primitive in comparison to newer systems, and the price to pay for its high performance and firepower was that it was a very bulky missile that required complex loading facilities both port-side and permanently shipped on-board as fixtures themselves, and required very large, bulky launchers, directors and magazines to the point where the largest nuclear-powered cruiser the USN ever commissioned carried a grand total of
one). Either way, Talos makes BOMARC redundant for the fleet defense role, even with its improved performance.
That's why such a ship would make more sense for continental defense, but like Erik said, a hull that size wouldn't be able to field many and loading/launching would still be awkward. At best, it would provide some mobility to defend against areas that NORAD isn't optimally situated to defend against, like our southern border or an allied nation - and it's not entirely unuseful in such a role, either.