The southern cat
At the end of the sixties, the rise of internal tensions both on the own territory of the South African Republic (Suid-Afrikaanse Republiek) and among its allies in Rhodesia and Katanga, pushed the state of southern Africa to anticipate a full-scale counter-insurgency war. With this in mind, its air force seeked to equip itself with an ad hoc ground attack aircraft which would still be able of sustaining conventional high intensity combat.
The specifications described a machine under 15 000 lb, able to operat at very low altitude, to be based as close as possible to the theater of operations and to present a high survivability to short-range light anti-aircraft means. It particularly underlined the interest of a VTOL capability, but with the growing influence of AAM (Anti-Apartheid Movement) in great-britain, being able to acquire the Hawker Siddeley Harrier was highly unlikely.
Despite the "benevolence" of the French part of the program, the upcoming SPECATJAGUAR does not seem more possible (although it had the favors of the general staff) . As a result, alongside persistent clandestine diplomatic efforts to obtain imported material, the Atlas Aircraft Corporation was commissioned to study an indigenous program.
It came to a choc when the first prototype made its first public flight in 1972, 3 years only after the official start of studies. Despite an unconventional cockpit configuration, the aircraft presented a layout very close to the Franco-British machine. To cut short a rising controversy, the British government argued that the obvious technological leaks could only come from the French "Société des avions Marcel Dassault". But that couldn't explain another surprising feature of the south african aircraft: its VTOL capability. If leaks there was, they were at least mutual.
That's for the "borrowed" characteristics. Concerning the uncommon features:
- The aircraft was a two-seater with two separate cockpits, this was meant to increase operational survivability in the event a crew member was incapacitated by enemy fire.
- Whatever informations were obtained on the Rolls-Royce Pegasus engine, the South African engineers were clearly unable to achieve the same level of maximum thrust.
- This, combined with the increase in mass (empty, the Harrier barely exceeded 13,500 lb), led to the installation of two power units. Each flank was therefore equipped with no less than four swivelling nozzles.
- As a result, two separate air intake devices fed this propulsion unit. One, single, under the nose of the aircraft, the other in two parts at the base of the wings.
- To freed up the under-wing pylons for other weapons, Matra R550 Magic short-range air-to-air missiles (and latter indigenous AAM V-3 Kukri) were fitted on overwing pylons. This option was latter adopted by the jaguar international.
The first batch of serial Tierboskat was delivered to SAAF in 1975 and quickly field evaluated during Operation Savannah were they proved highly effective. Before the end of the decade, it had become the standard tactical support aircraft of the South African air force and had been exported to Rhodesia and Katanga .
Its characteristics quickly attracted the interest of the South African Navy. The aircraft would make it possible to have a Fleet Air Arm without having to invest in expensive ships dedicated to this task. The VTOL capability would allowed it to operate from ships equipped with Helicopter decks or even from temporarily requisitioned civilian ships (typically container ships). The only pitfall was the inherently reduced range of the south african machine. As a result, the spine of the Matrooskat has been enlarged, accommodating an extra fuel tank.
This version caught the attention of a new ally in the southern hemisphere.
The expansion of pro-Communist movements, both political and military, in Africa and Latin America became worrying. it was notably materialized by the electoral victory of the chilean socialists and the cuban military intervention in angola.
Consequently the secret organization of the SACPAC (southern anti communist pact) was set up, it linked in particular the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America to South africa and its allies.
In the mid-1970s, the Argentinian Navy had the opportunity to buy the former American light aircraft carrier USS Annapolis for a pittance. It had been transformed into a transmission ship, and equipping it with VTOL planes would make it possible to avoid having to reinstall a costly catapult installation.
The new V-3 La Argentina was put into service in 1980, only one year after its purchase. 16 "gatos de barco" (Argentinian nickname of Atlas Tierboskats) were acquired, equipping two groups which took turns on the ship in addition to rotary wings.
The few exocet missiles available being reserved for the super-standards which had been delivered before the embargo, the argentinian VTOL were intended to support land operations during the Falklands War. The aircraft carrier cruised near the archipelago and its relief unit was based in Port Stanley.
The ship was sunk by air attack on May 4 1982, just as he was preparing to return to his continental base in accordance with Admiralty orders following the torpedoing of the Belgrano. The shore-based aircrafts remained in put until they feld out of fuel and were destroyed by their crews on the evening of June 13 to avoid falling into British hands.