USS Tennessee (BBGN-3)
Tennessee was one of four
Washington class battleships authorised by President James Edward Day in the immediate aftermath of World War III. While America had won the nuclear exchange, it had not done so without bloodshed. The nation was vulnerable and its navy had suffered tremendously protecting lines of communication across the Atlantic. To make matters worse, there was no great surplus of ships as there had been after the last war. Peacetime construction was required to replace wartime loss.
Washington (BBGN-2) and
Tennessee (BBGN-3) were laid down at Newport News, one of the few surviving naval shipyards on the East Coast, in December 1963.
Pennsylvania (BBGN-4) and
North Carolina (BBGN-5) were laid down two years later when yard space was found on the West Coast.
Washington and her sisters represented a bridge between modern destroyer leaders and the old
Iowa class fast battleships. Combat experience demonstrated that the latter could stand in the narrow confines of the North Sea and Mediterranean. They could sustain damage which would gut
Long Beach and
Leahy class vessels. The 16 inch guns of the
Iowa class also proved valuable as Warsaw Pact forces overran Belgium and the Netherlands. However, the
Iowa design was far from ideal. They were large ships with massive crews. At the same time, they had no meaningful anti-submarine or air defence system to speak of. The
Washington class rectified both of these issues.
Tennessee was smaller and less manpower intensive than an
Iowa class vessel. For protection against submarines, it carried a sonar array and the ASROC system alongside deck-mounted torpedo tubes. Its layered air defence suite, meanwhile, was unparalleled. It carried the advanced AN/SPG-59 phased array radar and its companion missile systems, Typhon LR and Typhon MR. The short range Sea Mauler missile and the Vulcan gun system provided an additional layer of protection. Together, these weapons could halt attacks which overwhelmed the older Talos, Terrier, and Tartar systems.
Tennessee was also fitted with eight Polaris launch tubes. Rebuilding the American nuclear arsenal was an additional priority.
Less than seven years after being laid down,
Tennessee was commissioned in August 1970. Her career was difficult. Many of her air defence systems had been pressed into service ahead of schedule or originated from overly optimistic programmes that only survived due to wartime necessity. The AN/SPG-59 radar was particularly troublesome and its issues were never fully resolved. Failures were also experienced with Sea Mauler and the Vulcan gun system, though these were later fixed. Many of the ship's fittings also required early replacement. With many of its most trusted suppliers out of business, the United States Navy had been forced to rely on alternate manufacturers. Despite these issues,
Tennessee served for thirty years. She acted as flagship of the Sixth Fleet for a number of years and spent a great deal of time in the Mediterranean. Members of her crew were helped suppress the Sicilian food riots of 1973 and her guns were fired in anger against Libyan coastal installations in 1986.
Tennessee was decommissioned in 2001.