France, Char Lourd CL-50
After the 1940 defeat and subsequent occupation of France by the nazis, a clandestine organization for the research and production of armaments is created in Vichy France. A series of equipments are envision, among them a tank able to stand and defeat any nazi tank in the coming years.
After two years of work and endless discussions a final design is completed in april 1943, and components are produced by several firms, Laforest, Laffly, Lorraine, Panhard and Schneider among others, although with an underpowered engine and without turret and gun, this first prototype prove things are in the correct way, soon second prototype now with the Panhard 520 kw engine take the proving grounds in july 1943. Although the gun and turret are still behind of been completed, production is approved for the chassis and engines. Construction of components are carried out and a partial assembly line is prepared in the Laforest locomotive plant, where a huge amount of effort took place in order to camouflage and conceal the activities from nazis and his collaborators. With all these difficulties the final fifth prototype with turret and Schneider 105 mm gun of the now to be known as Char Lourd CL 50 is tested in december 1943, although several problems are encounter production of the turret and the canon are rush in to production, believing the technical problems can be solved on the march.
Through the first half of 1944 many changes and tests are undertaken in a frantic race to be ready for the allied invasion of France, so production continues and by august 1944 45 tanks are completed and ready, baptism of fire took place the 15th august in support of the allied landings in south France giving the nazis a big surprise. Although several problems arise the CL-50 become the only allied tank capable of destroying anything the nazis put in the battlefield and the few in service took the lead in all mayor offensives putting french troops in the first line, eager to reclaim the shame of the 1940 defeat.
Production continues and by the end of the war in Europe 227 char lourdes and 41 self-propeled guns where completed, becoming the main battle tank of the French Army.
Technical problems are solved trough different batches culminating with the 120 mm gun variant. Production ended in 1968 with 3678 heavy tanks and 422 self propelled guns, the last CL-50 was withdrawn from service in 2007.
Until the appearance of the British L7 105 mm gun in the end of the 50s, the CL-50 was the only western tank capable of facing soviet armour and win.
Variants and users:
CL-50 A,B,C,D 105 mm gun Armée Française
CL-50 F,G with 120mm gun Armée Française
CAL-50 A,B,C,D 155mm self propelled howitzer Armée Française
VRC-50 A,B,C,D, armoured recovery vehicle Armée Française
CL-50 EI, 105mm and 120mm gun export version for Israel
CL-50 EQ, 105mm and 120mm gun export version for Iraq
CL-50 EA, 105mm gun export version for Argentina
CL-50 Y, 105mm gun licence production version for Yugoslavia
CL-50 EN, 105mm export version for the Netherlands
CL-50 ES, 105mm and 120mm export version for Switzerland
CL-50 SV, 120mm licence production version for Sweden
CL-50 EB, 105mm gun export version for Belgium
Specifications for the Char Lourd CL-50 mle A (CL stands for Char Laforest)
Weight: 51 ton
Lenght of hull: 7.4 mtr
Overall lenght: 9.7 mtr
Height: 2.85 mtr
Width: 3.3 mtr
Armour: 60 to 160 mm
Powerplant: 520 Kw diesel air cooled
Transmission: 2 front, 1 reverse
Suspension: Torsion Bar
Main armament: 105 mm rifled gun
Ammunition: 72
Secondary armament: 7.62 mm machine gun, Coaxial
Secondary armament: 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Commander cupola
Max sustained speed on road: 46 kph
Max sustained speed off road: 22 kph
Range on road: 190 km
Crew: 4 Commander, Gunner, Loader, Driver
Specifications for the Canon Automoteur Lourd CAL-50 mle B (CAL stands for Canon Automoteur Laforest)
Weight: 56 ton
Overall lenght: 7.4 mtr
Height: 3.3 mtr
Width: 3.3 mtr
Armour: 60 to 160 mm
Powerplant: 520 Kw diesel air cooled
Transmission: 2 front, 1 reverse
Suspension: Torsion Bar
Main armament: 155 mm howitzer
Ammunition: 36
Secondary armament: 7.62 mm machine gun, Coaxial
Secondary armament: 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Commander cupola
Max sustained speed on road: 37 kph
Max sustained speed off road: 16 kph
Range on road: 150 km
Crew: 5 Commander, Gunner, Loader 1, Loader 2, Driver
Source Shipbucketpedia, october 2020.