Russia , Malakoff-class battlecruiser
Malakoff-class was a class of two battlecruisers of Imperial Russian Navy. The class included Malakoff and Chernaya. They were named after the battles Malakoff and Chernaya. The class had slight differences from the Borodino-class but they were much heavier (around 3700 tons according to Sprinsharp) .They were designed to serve in the Black Sea with the icebreaker bow. The class was slower than some battlecruisers of their time , yet had better armor and the heaviest broadside of any capital ship at the time. They had a main armament of 12x 356mm Pattern 1913 guns and a secondary armament 24x1 130mm Pattern 1913 both distributed around the ship. Just like any post-dreadnought capital ship of Russia , the ship was designed in belief of broadside fights and distributing the main armament and magazines would give it a higher survivability and less chance of detonation. With this belief they found no advantages of superfiring guns and all were mounted on the deck level. The aft 3 turrets were facing backwards and the forward one was facing forwards. Aft 2 turrets were seperated by a turbine room. The ship was armored in a similiar level to borodino , but was to have slightly thicker belt armor (250mm vs 237.5mm) and a armor layout similiar to the battleship Imperator Nikolai. She was around 10 meters longer and 0.5 meters wider than Borodino , and had more powerful machinery of 95.600 SHP to allow a speed of 27 knots (It was believed she could reach 28-9 knots if machinery was forced). The low freeboard of the ship gave limited use of secondary battery in heavy seas. The class was seemed to outclass Mackensen-class and any of British battlecruisers of the time except the Renown with her speed and Hood totally. Malakoff didnt involve in any major engagement in Black Sea in World War I , and spent most time in harbors since the commissioning along with her sister ship Chernaya. Malakoff was kept in navy after the war and was kept in Soviet Navy along with her sister and they were renamed Sentyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya (September Revolution) and Voroshilov (Kliment Voroshilov) respectively . Sentyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya and Voroshilov was reconstructed in mid 1930s with new machinery , fire control systems , replaced her main guns with better guns of the same caliber and had a larger superstructure. Their anti-aircraft armament was reinforced in 1941. Sentyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya and her sister provided gunfire support in Operation Barbarossa. Sentyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya was bombed during the war with no major damage meanwhile Voroshilov suffered heavy damage and sunk. Sentyabr'skaya Revolyutsiya was struck off the Navy List after the World War II , and was scrapped.
Springsharp report:
Malakoff, Imperial Russia Battlecruiser laid down 1912 (Engine 1913)
Displacement:
34.843 t light; 36.609 t standard; 38.684 t normal; 40.344 t full load
Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
(769,03 ft / 767,39 ft) x 101,71 ft x (31,50 / 32,56 ft)
(234,40 m / 233,90 m) x 31,00 m x (9,60 / 9,92 m)
Armament:
12 - 14,00" / 356 mm 52,0 cal guns - 1.648,62lbs / 747,80kg shells, 80 per gun
Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1913 Model
4 x Twin mounts on centreline, evenly spread
24 - 5,12" / 130 mm 50,0 cal guns - 81,26lbs / 36,86kg shells, 100 per gun
Breech loading guns in casemate mounts, 1913 Model
24 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
24 hull mounts in casemates- Limited use in heavy seas
4 - 2,95" / 75,0 mm 50,0 cal guns - 13,63lbs / 6,18kg shells, 150 per gun
Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1912 Model
4 x Single mounts on centreline, evenly spread
4 raised mounts
Weight of broadside 21.788 lbs / 9.883 kg
Armour:
- Belts: Width (max) Length (avg) Height (avg)
Main: 9,84" / 250 mm 497,70 ft / 151,70 m 18,37 ft / 5,60 m
Ends: 4,92" / 125 mm 244,75 ft / 74,60 m 9,84 ft / 3,00 m
24,93 ft / 7,60 m Unarmoured ends
Upper: 3,94" / 100 mm 497,70 ft / 151,70 m 8,53 ft / 2,60 m
Main Belt covers %100 of normal length
- Torpedo Bulkhead - Additional damage containing bulkheads:
2,95" / 75 mm 497,70 ft / 151,70 m 26,25 ft / 8,00 m
Beam between torpedo bulkheads 95,47 ft / 29,10 m
- Gun armour: Face (max) Other gunhouse (avg) Barbette/hoist (max)
Main: 11,8" / 300 mm 5,91" / 150 mm (top armor) 9,74" / 248 mm
2nd: 2,95" / 75 mm 0,98" / 25 mm -
- Armoured deck - multiple decks:
Fore and Aft decks: 2,95" / 75 mm
Forecastle: 1,18" / 30 mm Quarter deck: 1,18" / 30 mm
- Conning towers: Forward 15,75" / 400 mm, Aft 15,75" / 400 mm
Machinery:
Coal and oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
Geared drive, 4 shafts, 95.604 shp / 71.321 Kw = 27,00 kts
Range 4.000nm at 15,00 kts
Bunker at max displacement = 3.736 tons (55% coal)
Complement:
1.378 - 1.792
Cost:
£3,759 million / $15,037 million
Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
Armament: 3.749 tons, %9,7
- Guns: 3.749 tons, %9,7
Armour: 12.720 tons, %32,9
- Belts: 5.010 tons, %13,0
- Torpedo bulkhead: 1.427 tons, %3,7
- Armament: 2.895 tons, %7,5
- Armour Deck: 2.612 tons, %6,8
- Conning Towers: 776 tons, %2,0
Machinery: 3.943 tons, %10,2
Hull, fittings & equipment: 14.431 tons, %37,3
Fuel, ammunition & stores: 3.841 tons, %9,9
Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, %0,0
Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
49.920 lbs / 22.643 Kg = 36,4 x 14,0 " / 356 mm shells or 7,4 torpedoes
Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1,14
Metacentric height 6,6 ft / 2,0 m
Roll period: 16,6 seconds
Steadiness - As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 75 %
- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0,88
Seaboat quality (Average = 1.00): 1,51
Hull form characteristics:
Hull has rise forward of midbreak,
a normal bow and a cruiser stern
Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0,551 / 0,556
Length to Beam Ratio: 7,55 : 1
'Natural speed' for length: 27,70 kts
Power going to wave formation at top speed: 46 %
Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 50
Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): -2,50 degrees
Stern overhang: 1,64 ft / 0,50 m
Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
Fore end, Aft end
- Forecastle: %22,50, 31,50 ft / 9,60 m, 29,86 ft / 9,10 m
- Forward deck: %9,50, 29,86 ft / 9,10 m, 29,86 ft / 9,10 m
- Aft deck: %51,50, 21,46 ft / 6,54 m, 21,46 ft / 6,54 m
- Quarter deck: %16,50, 21,46 ft / 6,54 m, 22,97 ft / 7,00 m
- Average freeboard: 24,42 ft / 7,44 m
Ship space, strength and comments:
Space - Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): %84,2
- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): %171,5
Waterplane Area: 54.509 Square feet or 5.064 Square metres
Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): %98
Structure weight / hull surface area: 201 lbs/sq ft or 982 Kg/sq metre
Hull strength (Relative):
- Cross-sectional: 0,95
- Longitudinal: 1,47
- Overall: 1,00
Adequate machinery, storage, compartmentation space
Excellent accommodation and workspace room
Ship has slow, easy roll, a good, steady gun platform
Excellent seaboat, comfortable, can fire her guns in the heaviest weather