Pre-Drednought Battleships
Maurits-class Pre Drednought (1896)
12,253 tons standard, 12,919 tons full load
Length - 121.8 meters, Beam - 21 meters, draught - 8.2 meters
Armaments 2x2 12" 45 cal (305 mm) gun, 4x1 8" (203 mm) guns, 12x1 4.7" (120 mm) casamte mount guns, 16 3" (76 mm) casamte mount guns, 8 1.7" (45 mm) deck mount quick firing guns, 6 15" (381 mm) submurged tubes, 3 on either sides.
Armor: Main belt 17" (420 mm (regular Steel)) 75 m , Edns - 8" (203 mm), Upper belt - 7" (180 mm), Deck - 2" (51 mm)
Turret armor: 13" (330 mm) sides: 8" (200 mm), conning tower 13" (330 mm), turret armor - 13" (330 mm)
speed and machinery: 2 shafts, 2 shafts, coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines 8,374 ihp = 16 knots
range 5,500 nm at 8 knots
complement 595-785 men
Design and Service History
In 1892 Dutch approved Naval expansion programme where 2 ships were authorized to be constructed. French yards were choosen and 2 ships: Maurits and Frederik Hedrik were laid down in June 1892, Launched in September 1894 and commisioned in January 1896, Maurits was send to East Indies, and Frederik Hedrik remained in Europe. In April 16 1896 exercises were conducted in east Indies and on 20th Maurits struck a mine near Sarubaja, and sunk with 534 crew out of 745 men on board. Invistigation was carried out and it was found that tumblehome the design has serious issues with survivability. Tumblehome designs have a much lower righting force acting on them than a flared hull. This means that a tumblehome design is much more vulnerable to capsize. Tumblehome designs have difficulties operating in bad weather, with a considerably higher risk of capsize than a flared design. This also strongly reduces the ship's resistance to underwater damage. Any flooding of the ship will reduce the stability to the point of capsize, while a conventional design will be much more resistant to such damage. It also had limited reserve buoyancy - by reducing the hull volume above the waterline, there was little extra volume to keep it afloat when compartments below the waterline flooded (In fact there was long term concern on tumblehome hull design in Dutch Navy but majority of higher echelon of the Admiralty were not paying attention to other part of Admiralty which complained on this particular choice).
in 1913 Frederik Hedrik was put into reserve but was out of reserve in 1914 and in 1915 was send into Convoy escort duties and immediately scrapped after end of the war.
Evertsen-class
12,904 tons standard, 15,651 tons full load
length: 120 m, beam - 23 m, Draught 8.5 m
Armaments 2x2 12" 45 cal (305 mm) guns, 10x1 5" (120 mm) guns, 8x1 3" (76 mm) casemate mount guns, 4 15" (381 mm) torpedo tubes.
Armor: main Belt - 10" (254 mm (Harvey Steel)), ends 3" (76 mm), upper belt: 5" (130 mm), Deck 1" (25 mm)
Turret armor: face: 12" (305 mm), sides 6" (152 mm)
Conning tower: 12" (305 mm)
speed and machinery: 2 shafts, coal fire boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines 12,435 ihp = 16 knots
range 5,500 at 8 knots
complement 497-720 men
Design and Service History
After Investigation of sinking of HrMS Maurits there was huge political scandal in UKNW and it was decided to build ships in Britain. Those ships were heavily influenced by Majestic-class but was slightly lightly armed - having 5" guns instead of 6" but was more armoured which became feature in comparsion to British Pre Drednought battleships. 2 ships were ordered and laid donw in 1896 September, Evertsen and re-used name Maurits. Both ships saw extencive duty in The Great War and both were sunk, Evertsen by German U-boat in December 5 1915 and Maurits would be sunk by German mine in July 1916.
Eendracht-class Pre Drednought (1899)
removed for a rework
13,000 tons standard, 16,498 t full load
Length - 125 m, beam 23 m, draught, 9.3 m
Armaments: 2x2 12" 45 cal (305 mm) guns, 16x1 6" (152 mm) casemate mount guns, 8 3" (76 mm) deck mount guns, 4 15" (381 mm) torpedo tubes 2 on either sides.
Armor: Main belt - 10" (254 mm (Harvey Steel)), ends - 3" (76 mm), upper belt - 152 mm, armoured deck - 3" (76 mm)
Turret armor: 10" (254 mm), sides 8" (203 mm)
speed: 2 shafts, coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines 13,846 ihp = 18 knots
range 5,500 nm at 10 knots
complement: 682-855 men
Design and Service History
Heavily influenced by British Canopus-class and carried 16 6" (152 mm) guns in and were more armoured comparision to their British predecesor. 5 ships were laid down in 1896 and were named after Dutch 17th century ships of the line: Eendracht, Hollandia, Stad en Lande, Veere, Jupiter, all commisioned in 1899 with exception of Hollandia which was finished at November of 1898, so in some sources she this class is mentioned as Hollandia-class. Hollandia became Flagship until it was replaced by De Zeven Provincien in 1902. All ships had extesive duty during The Great War: chasing Maximilian Von Spee's squadron, supporting British, French, Dutch (which was mostly consisted of South African or Indonesian troops), Australian and New Zeeland landings at Gallipoli, Blockade of Ottoman Navy and convoy Duty in 1915, only Veere and Eendracht were sunk, Veere by Turkish mine (or torpedo) at Gallipoli and Eendracht sunk by German U-boat in October 1916 at South Irish coast. After the war Jupiter and Hollandia were converted into Barracks ships and Stad en Lande scrapped in 1920.
De Zeven Provincien-class
Removed for rework
13,800 tons standard, 15,200 tons full load.
Length - 130 m, Beam - 23 m, Draught - 9.2 m
Armaments: 2x2 12"/45 cal (305 mm) guns, 2x1 8" (203 mm) guns, 16x1 6" (152 mm) casemate mount guns
6x1 casemate mount guns, 4 15" (381 mm) guns
Armor: main belt - 10" (254 mm (Krupp steel)), ends - 3" (76 mm), upper belt - 6" (152 mm)
Turret armor: 10" (254 mm) 9" (229 mm) sides. Conning tower: 12" (305 mm)
speed and machinery: coal fired boilers, complex reciprocating steam engines 12,954 ihp = 18 knots
range 5,500 nm at 10 knots
complement 718 men
Design Service History
In 1899 Dutch Admiralty decided that they wanted ships with slightly heavier battery and decided to exeperemrnt with 8" close barbette mount guns, Vickers became contractor; 3 ships were ordered: De Zeven Provincien was laid down in Amsterdam becoming first modern capital ship constructed in Netherlands and latter 2 - Prins te Paard, Zeelandia were build in Britain. Prins te Paard served in East Indies and later Mediterranean fleet along with British, supporting landings in Gallipoli, wast her sisters served in Europe and were used as guard ships when Drednought battleships and battlecruisers were at Anchor. De Zeven Provincien and Zeelandia were present In Battle of Jutlandbut havent accomplished anything. After the war they had better fate as their predecessors converted into coastal defence battleships (with exception of Prins te Paard which wa converted into Barracks ship) but were scrapped as Washington Naval Treaty came into conclusion.
Koning-class
16,668 tons standard, 18,494 t full load
Length - 138 m, beam 24,7 m, Draught - 8.2 m
Armament: 2x2 12" 45 cal (305 mm) guns, 4x2 8" (203 mm) guns, 8x1 6" (152 mm) casemate mount guns, 4 15" (381 mm) torpedo tubes.
Armor: Belt 12" (305 mm) Ends 3" (76 mm), Upper belt 6" (152 mm), Deck 2" (51 mm), Turret armor: face - 12" (305 mm), sides 9" (229mm) Conning tower: 12"-6" (305-152 mm).
speed and machinery: coal oil fired boilers (changed to mix fired in 1913), complex reciprocating steam engines, 20,944 ihp = 19.5 knots
range 5,500 nm at 10 knots
complement 766-985 men
Design and Service History
in June 1905 after Battle of Tsushima, Dutch concluded that capital ships need more heavier secondary battery and competion was made for "17,000 Modern Battleship" at August several designs were inspected Cammell Laird proposed battleship with 16,600 tons, 2x2 12" guns, 4x2 8" belt armor of 11" and speed 20 knots, Birkenhead deleted their 8" secondary armamanent and replaced them with 4x2 12", armor was 12" and speed standard 18 knots, latter design was dropped due of the cost and 1st design was choosen although it was improoved later. In August 24th 1905 two ships were laid down: Koning and Koningin, Koning was launched in September 1906 and Koningin in Late October 1906 both commisioning in June 1907. ships were slower and less armed then British newly build HMS Drednought but it was better armoured and they were at least better armed and faster then any other Pre Drednought with exception of Danton class. Both ships had active duties in the First World War and participated in Battle of Jutland, and acomplished a lot more then De Zeven Provincienes sinking SMS Stuttgart. Afterwards they were sent to Mediterranean sea. After the war they were converted into coastal defence battleships as a conclusion of Washington Naval Treaty. In World War 2 They were guarding East Indies and escorting Dutch troop transports in Borneo. they were finally scrapped in 1947
(All ships will get their full article in shipbucket wiki)