Shipbucket

Avro 694 Lincoln transport conversions

As a developed Lancaster, the Lincoln was also able to be converted into a transport aircraft with the minimum of engineering.
However only 1 aircraft was ever on the British civil register as a commercial aircraft (rather than as a test machine). This aircraft also was fitted with a ventral pannier when used during the Berlin Airlift.
The most heavily modified civil conversion was built for export to Paraguay to use flying beef carcasses on overhead rails in a deepened fuselage. Three aircraft were purchased and one modified and registered. However Avro were not involved in the conversion and certification was never issued, so the aircraft was finally scrapped without ever having flown, and the others were never completed their modification.

Avro 694 Lincoln Argentinian transport conversions

As they had done previously with a Lancastrian, the Argentinian military constructed their own Lincoln transport from components from other written-off Lincolns and Lincoln transports.

Avro 695 Lincolnian

Contrary to what many sources claim, the Lincolnian civil transport was never built. All civil "Lincolnians" were actually converted Lincolns. The Lincolnian was planned, but due to the fact that the aircraft was outdated technology - and due to the obvious lack of demand for the Lincoln civil conversion - was never progressed beyond the drawing board.

Avro 717 Napier Lincolnian testbed

With the development of the Napier Nomad engine, strangely interest was resparked in the Lincolnian to be resurrected for use as a engine testbed. The Napier Lincolnian was designed to be a twin engine aircraft, with both outer nacelles removed. With the cancelling of the Nomad, the Lincolnian slipped back to obscurity.

Only one thing I can say about this.

This is indeed S P L E N D I D!!!

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In your dreams. ~ Yae Miko
報園-872 (方義鑑銃)
Patriotic Presentation Number 872, Q-102 (A6M3-32 captured in Buna, New Guinea)

Avro 687 XX( Twenty)

Just as the Lancaster was developed into the York, a similar passenger airliner was planned from the Lincoln. The Avro XX designation was a reversion to Avro's prewar transport naming, following on from the civil Anson (Avro XIX). Initially constrained by the wartime necessity of using the maximum commonality with the Lincoln, the Avro XX was very much a compromise aircraft, and in the end was decided to be just too much of a compromise to be viable.

Avro 688 Tudor 1

As the war drew to a close Avro was able to take the Avro XX design and rework it to be an actual airliner rather than a modified bomber. The wing was moved from being shoulder mounted to having the spar run under the floor to give an unimpeded cabin.
However the Tudor was aerodynamically unsuitable, and flight testing required modifications to the rudder, tailplanes, wing root fillets and the rear of the engine nacelles. Internally problems with the heaters and pressurization were never fully rectified.
The Tudor 1 also suffered from Avro's design being a winner for a pre-war market, but an anachronism in the post-war world, and with BOAC finally losing interest in the aircraft the design was doomed. Plans to manufacture the aircraft in Australia were dropped, and the Tudor 1. Most of the aircraft were eventually converted into Tudor 4's.
The Tudor 1 prototype has the distinction of being possibly the only large aircraft to have ever flown without a lick of paintwork. The initial test flight was flown without any registration or any other marks on the aircraft.

Avro 688 Tudor 4

In an attempt to make the Tudor 1 more commercially viable, the aircraft were given a fuselage extension to become the Tudor 4. However the Tudor 1's internal problems still plagued the Tudor 4, and 2 unexplained aircraft losses led to the aircraft being banned from passenger service, leading to the Tudor 4's beinge relegated to become freighters.
Finally with the Tudor 4B Super Trader the aircraft's original promise was realised as all the aerodynamic and systems problems were resolved by Aviation Traders (Freddie Laker's company that eventually produced the Carvair), however by that time the Tudor was thoroughly outdated.

Avro 711

As a further development of the short-body Tudor, the Avro 711 revised the Tudor 4 to become a nosewheel aircraft, with the new broad chord fin and the engines upgraded to the RR Griffons of the Shackleton. The design however was never realised.

Outstanding!

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Nobody expects the Imperial Inquisition!

Avro 688 Tudor 8

The second Tudor 1 prototype was used as a test aircraft , being first stretched into a Tudor 4, then being fitted with 4 Nene engines to become the sole Tudor 8 jet.

Avro 703

Avro 705

Avro 706

The Tudor 8 led to a series of Tudor nose-wheel jet designs.
The 703 used the short fuselage of the original Tudor 1 as a basis for a twin-engine jet for the requirements of Trans Canada Airlines. After the initial design work in Britain, Avro Canada completed work to create the Avro Canada Jetliner.
The 705 was an attempt at a commercial design of the Tudor 8, while the fuselage was stretched again for the 706. Although great potential neither design was produced.

Avro C102 Jetliner

What should have been the world's first flight of a commercial jet was pipped to the post by the DH Comet. What should have been a great commercial success was crippled in Canada by a requirement to carry excess fuel as the Canadian air infrastructure had not installed enough navigation beacons by the time the Jetliner was ready for introduction, and then TCA's fear of being the world's first jet operator(!) Howard Hughes tested the aircraft in the US and wanted to buy for TWA, and even went as far as getting Convair to agree to licence build in the US. Then the Canadian government stepped in and killed the aircraft. Due to commitments for the CF100 fighter, Avro were not permitted to work on the Jetliner, and the export of the design to a foreign manufacturer was also prohibited. Only the single prototype was built.

Did not knew that the Jetliner had connections with Avro Lancaster. Again learned something today, second time in this thread.

Nice.
Just one question - why Argentine Lancastrian and Lincoln transports are separated - one each together with other operators and one each on separate "Argentine only" template?

EXCELLENT work Sheepster

Jolly WELL DONE my old fruit - Fantastic work... GREAT research, GREAT write-ups and GREAT drawings.

Well Done.

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My artwork is posted here: https://www.deviantart.com/adenandy/gallery/all

The Argentine aircraft were assembled in Argentina from locally sourced components, not in Britain (or Canada). Argentina had a long history of using the Avro aircraft and so had a large stockpile of spare parts and written-off airframes. These aircraft were made from those component stores. The Lancastrian was assembled using the base airframe from a Lancaster and components from a crashed Lancastrian, so it's serial number is not reflected as a Lancastrian in Avro records. The Lincoln transport was created in a similar manner from combat Lincoln and transport Lincoln components.
All the other aircraft were manufactured, or modified to a new standard, in Britain or Canada.

Avro 689 Tudor 2

Developed simultaneously with the Avro XX/Tudor 1 the Avro XXI/Tudor 2 utilized the same wing and tail section, but a completely different fuselage, being an extra 1ft greater in diameter. The aircraft was designed to be the Empire's transport aircraft with initial orders from BOAC, Australia and South Africa.
Like the Tudor 1, the Tudor 2 suffered exactly the same aerodynamic shortcomings, which resulted in the same tailplane and nacelle modifications. Even with these changes the Tudor 2 was a gross underperformer, and an aircraft allocated for military hot and high testing in Kenya fared so badly that the foreign orders were cancelled.
Back in Britain during testing the prototype crashed on take-off, killing the designer of the whole Lancaster family Roy Chadwick, due to incorrectly installed flight controls rendering the aircraft uncontrollable.
A modified version, the Tudor V, was built in small numbers and was a very limited success.
The first production Tudor II was repurposed on the production line with the installation of Hercules engines to attempt to increase performance. Although successful, no further aircraft were built with Hercules engines.

Avro 689 Tudor unbuilt models

With the cancelling of Lancaster XV (Lincoln) production in Canada, a plan was made to use the already built components to start manufacture of the Tudor 2F in Canada. A separate Tudor VI trans-Atlantic sleeper model for Argentina was also planned, but both were shelved when the poor performance of the design was realised.