Cutters were a specialized type of ships' boat that could be either powered by sails, oars, steam plant or petrol (gas) or diesel engines, depending on era. They could be armed with a small caliber gun, and usually transported officers around the fleet or ashore. The usual sizes varied between 35 ft up to 54 ft. A launch was a fairly long, broadbeamed, and relatively shallow longboat, which could hoist sails on, usually one, but occasionally two masts; usually some kind of schooner or yawl rigging. due to their generous beam, they could be armed in various ways, including fitting a torpedo tube at the prow.
A pinnace really was introduced as a ships' boat only with the advent of steam. The original pinnace was a small-to-medium sized Dutch merchant vessel, mainly from the 17th c. marked by a considerable tumblehome (though not as extreme as the Fluyt-type) and a flat stern and also a fairly flat, shallow bottom. The ships' boat pinnace also had a flat stern, was either steam or motor powered and had one or several cabins, some detachable. Like the cutter, the pinnace lent itself handidly for arming. It was usually one of the biggest ships' boats, reaching a length of upwards of 56 ft This type was usually used to shuttle the senior officers around, as well as being employed during notable visits to the fleet (such as a Monarch); though the Imperial Russian Navy, albeit possessing the pinnace-type, was noted for having its senior officers being rowed in a serene, stately manner in a whaleboat or oar/sail cutter, which brings us to the whaleboat, which originally was conceived as a specialisized craft for - you guessed it! - whale hunting! The type's sturdy construction attracted the navies, however, and soon enough every big ship carried, at least two of the type, usually slung from davits. In the navy, the whale boat was the Jack-of-all-Trades; it was used as a water carrier, food and supply carrier, to shuttle crews from and to ships, and, as already pointed out, in special circumstances, also carry senior officers. It was used for maintenance and as a workboat, for instance when painting the hull. Their length could vary from 30 - 57 ft in the RN.
Then there were smaller, often collapsible types such as skiffs, balsa rafts and dinghies. The latter was a really compact dedicated work- and utility boat,often no more than, say 8 to 10 ft long.
I hope this little expose will help you decide how to outfit your ships. Don't forget that I made a dedicated RN ship boat parts sheet, which you can find in the parts discussion section.
_________________ My Avatar:Петр Алексеевич Безобразов (Petr Alekseevich Bezobrazov), Вице-адмирал , царская ВМФ России(1845-1906) - I sign my drawings as Ari Saarinen
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