And yes, targeting a surface ship that is in radar range would have been possible and a standard mission profile.
What's really fun is if you have nuke-tipped Talos. It's my understanding it's a big reason why they developed nuke Talos in the first place.
I was under the impression that nuclear Talos and Standard were intended to disrupt guidance systems of ships and aircraft during the Macross Missile Spam attacks envisioned by Aegis, Typhon, etc, not be used to directly engage surface targets. Just like how the commies intended to employ nuclear ASMs to disrupt ESM and radar of USN CVBGs.
Nuclear EMP and the residual effects of it on electronics is probably more valuable than a nuclear explosion since it would allow conventional ASMs to slip past American/Soviet radar picket and sink the carrier/Kirov AIUT. v: