By the end of 1962, both Bathurst class corvettes & the final two Fairmile B patrol vessels had finally been retired, all replaced by ex-RN Ton class vessels. Both Type 16 Frigates were progressively upgraded throughout the decade, firstly with a refit in 1961-62, followed by a more comprehensive modernisation starting in 1966.
Ton Class Minesweeper:
The Ton class were coastal minesweepers built in the 1950s for the RN, intended to meet the threat of seabed mines laid in shallow coastal waters, rivers, ports & harbours. The first ship was ordered by the RN in September 1950, with the class eventually numbering 119 vessels. The Ton class were diesel powered & had a displacement of 440 tons. Largely constructed from aluminium & other non-ferromagnetic materials, they had a hull composed of a double layer of mahogany planking. Primary armament was one Bofors 40mm gun. Sweeping equipment was provided for moored & magnetic mines. The Royal West Florida Navy purchased two ex-RN Ton class minesweepers in 1961. They were renamed Cormorant (M11) & Osprey (A12), replacing the two Bathurst class corvettes built during World War Two. Cormorant replaced Heron in the minesweeping role, while Osprey replaced Gull as the RWFN’s survey vessel, requiring a brief refit, which included the removal of her minesweeping gear. With Cormorant & Osprey already in the fleet, when the RWFN were looking to replace their aging Fairmile B coastal motor launches, they chose to acquire two additional Ton class vessels. Their patrol boat conversion included the removal of their minesweeping gear & the fitting of a second 40mm Bofors mount aft of the funnel. The two new vessels were commissioned in 1962 & named Hawk (P105) & Kestrel (P106). All four of the RWFN's Ton class served well into the 1980s before being paid off.
Cuban Missile Crisis:
The Cuban Revolution which propelled Fidel Castro to power in January 1959, initially attracted little attention in Moscow. However, Washington's increasing economic embargo led Cuba to hurriedly seek assistance from the Soviets & following the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961, Fidel Castro announced publicly that Cuba was to become a socialist republic. Whilst Khrushchev publicly congratulated Castro for repelling the invasion, he privately believed the Americans would soon bring the weight of their regular army to bear, & the defence of Cuba became a matter of prestige for the Soviet Union. Khrushchev agreed on a deployment plan in May 1962 primarily in response to Castro's fears over yet another American invasion, & by late July over sixty Soviet ships were en-route to Cuba. These increased tensions in the region meant that West Florida’s military was placed on high alert. After U.S. reconnaissance flights on the morning of 14th October photographed a series of SAM sites being constructed, President John F. Kennedy announced the discovery of the installations & proclaimed that any nuclear missile attack from Cuba would be regarded as an attack by the Soviet Union & would be responded to accordingly. On 26th October, the Soviets offered to withdraw the missiles in return for a U.S. guarantee not to support or participate in any invasion of Cuba & to remove all missiles set in southern Italy & in Turkey. This deal was accepted, & the crisis abated. However, Cuba's proximity to the U.S. meant that Castro & his regime would remain an important Cold War ally for the Soviets.
Type 16 Queen Elizabeth Class Frigates:
During her refit in 1961, “The Queen” had her quad 21-inch torpedo tubes removed & replaced with two sets of Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes, firing new Mark 44 lightweight torpedoes. A similar upgrade was completed during the Duke of Edinburgh’s refit the following year.
Royal West Florida Navy White Ensign:
The West Florida Naval Forces were established in 1910, but only as a division of the Royal Navy. Its ships therefore wore the usual Royal Navy White Ensign. Although West Florida vessels were granted permission to wear the national flag as a jack, these are not worn at sea, meaning ships in battle could not be readily identified as belonging to West Florida. From the creation of the RWFN in October 1927, West Florida warships continued to use the British White Ensign. However, this often led to situations where West Florida vessels were mistaken for British ships. For many years West Florida politicians & the public had wanted their ships to fly a unique ensign, & in 1962 official proposals were made for a unique West Florida ensign. Royal Assent was granted to the new flag by Queen Elizabeth II in November 1964, with the official changeover occurring on the RWFN’s 38th anniversary in October 1965. All ships & establishments hoisted the new flag on that day, & the adoption of a unique white ensign was an important step in the development of the RWFN. The White Ensign is identical in design to the West Florida National Flag, but with the red background & the white star reversed.